Ownership and Funding of the Media

 

Ownership and Funding of the Media

 

Public Service Broadcasting (PSB)

This is a system of broadcasting which tries to educate and inform it's audience, not just sell stuff to them. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a good example because the BBC is funded by a license Lord Reith the 1st Director General said ''public service N & T public exploitation''. The BBC wanted to be funded by a license because they didn't want the goverment to run it or make it commercial. Thats why they have no adverts.

Commercial Broadcasting
This exists to make money, it does this by selling its audience to advertisers. This includes channels such as ITV, Channel 4, SYFY and TLC. Some Commercial Broadcaters also make money from subscription like SKY.

Corporate and Private Ownership
Private Ownership means that a business is owned by an individual. Corporate is where a company is listed as a public company such as the BBC.

Global Companies
This is when a company spreads their business multinationally. They move there money around for tax profits and they gain bigger audiences.

Concentration of Ownership

 

 

There are six companies that own 90% of the worlds media like Disney, Viacom and Warner Brothers. This isn't good becuase it cuts out competition (monopilisation). Some of them even synergize which means crossing platform to support or advertise easier such as The Sun has a competition to win tickets to watch a 20th Century Fox film and they are both owned by Media Corporation.





Vertical Integration (owning stuff in different sectors)
Warner Brothers are massive but like any business they started off small. They started there business by renting out places and showing footage of films. Now they are one of the six biggest media companies in the world. There business is conglomerate as at first they started Exhibiting films but then they decided to then make films themselves so brought their own studio. That wasn't enough and they now distribute films too. This is vertical integration because it owns more than one sector

Horizontal Integration
Disney is another one of the six largest companies in the world and they own many businesses. Horizontal integration is when a company own's more comapnies that owns sectors like theirs. So Disney also owns pixar and Marvel which own studios, distribute and Exhibite films.

The Licence Fee
The Licence fee is what the BBC owns. They done this because they didn't won't to be propaganda or exploit the audience.

Subscription
Subscription is when audiences have to subscribe to the channel like we have to subscribe to SKY and you can pay extra if you want more packages with them.

One-off payment to own product
A one off payment is like freeview box films where you pay for one film but you don't own it.

Pay per view
This is where you go into the SKY Movies store on top of your subscription.

Sponsorship
This is where a business sponsors a TV programme like foxy bingo sponsors  the Jeremy Kyle show. Another example is Joop, a fragrent for men sponsors falling skies.

Advertising
TV channels such as ITV get money by getting advertisers to advertise their product during a programme.

Product Placement
This is where a product is advertised in a film or a TV programme.

Private Capital
This is where you can get the money yourself and ask your friends or family for money.

Crowd Funding
This is where oeople donate money to you to help your busines grow.

Development Funds
Financial aid given to some people in countries who are less able to afford it.

Banks
 This is where you lend money from the bank and thy can help you with your budget and help you go in the right direction with yor business.